Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Early criminological positivists were typically sociological theorists who sought to explain crime through social structural and cultural factors.
2. Phrenologists were some of the earliest proponents of treatment and rehabilitation.
3. Early biological positivists assumed that the criminal law was capable of distinguishing between “normal” people and criminals.
4. Biological positivists seek to explain criminality, criminal behavior, crime rates, and the emergence of the criminal law in their theories.
5. Studies indicate that genetic links to violent crime (e.g., murder and assault) are much stronger than links to other forms of petty crime (e.g., theft and burglary).


1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE

Criminal Justice

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