It is appropriate to conduct a review of the literature in which of the following circumstances? (Select all that apply.)
a. An ethnographic study is planned.
b. A nurse is interested in conducting research on patients who "sundown."
c. One requirement for a graduate course paper is a written literature review.
d. A hospital is attempting to develop a policy on bathing frequency for elders.
e. The hospital attorney is preparing a brief relative to a fall suffered by a patient.
ANS: A, B, C, D
For most course papers, instructors expect students to review published sources related to the paper's topic. Evidence-based practice guidelines are developed through the synthesis of the literature on the clinical problem. The purpose of the literature review designed to examine the strength of the evidence is to identify all studies that provide evidence of a particular intervention, to critically appraise the quality of each study, and to synthesize all of the studies providing evidence of the effectiveness of a particular intervention. The purposes for reviewing the literature for ethnographic studies and for exploratory descriptive qualitative research are more similar to the literature review for quantitative research. The researcher develops a general understanding of the concepts to be examined related to the selected culture or topic. The literature review also provides a background for conducting the study and interpreting the findings. The focus of the major literature review at the beginning of the research process is to identify a gap in what is known.
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