Systems theory founder Ludwig von Bertalanffy was a _______.
a. chemist
b. family therapist
c. psychologist
d. biologist
d. biologist
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Johnson, with his team of researchers, is conducting a research that measures the amount of counseling intervention clients require to minimize the effects of their depression. He wishes to know the extent to which the intervention was helpful. However, a majority of the participants were reluctant to cooperate with him. This was because the clients were in denial of the fact that they were depressed in the first place. In this scenario, _____ would have been a responsible factor for confounding the outcomes of Johnson's research.
a. the motivation level of Johnson's clients b. the demand characteristics of the research design c. the psychological defenses of Johnson's clients d. the ethnic backgrounds of Johnson's team members
What is the main reason why it is difficult to assess spirituality in a scientific manner?
a. People do not want their spiritual beliefs examined, so they tend to refuse to participate in such research. b. Spirituality is no different than religion, which is immune to scientific examination. c. There are too many forms of spirituality to examine. d. There is no standard definition of what spirituality means.
The clinical supervisor has responsibilities for ethical practice towards the supervisee in the supervision process. These include which of the follow?
a) Informed consent, fair evaluation, supervisor competence, and vicarious liability concerns. b) Informed consent, accountability, loyalty, and vicarious liability. c) Fair evaluation, accountability, responsibility, and perseverance. d) Fair evaluation, informed consent, perseverance, supervisor competence. e) Supervisor competence, accountability, perseverance, and loyalty.
When a member begins crying during the session, the leader SHOULD a. immediately attend to the member before asking if she wants help
b. open her up further, even if there are only five minutes left in session. c. suggest that she leave until she can control her crying and talk about it. d. attempt to determine whether she is in pain or trying to gain sympathy from others.