The nurse is caring for a patient with the diagnosis of sepsis. The patient is on a ventilator in the critical care unit, and is receiving a proton pump inhibitors (PPI) to reduce the risk for a stress ulcer
In this scenario, a stress ulcer is likely secondary to: a. infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria.
b. decreased acetylcholine production.
c. a decreased number of parietal cells.
d. ischemia associated with sepsis.
D
A stress ulcer is an acute form of peptic ulcer that often accompanies severe illness, systemic trauma, or neurological injury. Ischemia is the prior etiology associated with stress ulcer formation. Ischemic ulcers develop within hours of an event such as hemorrhage, multisystem trauma, severe burns, heart failure, or sepsis. The shock, anoxia, and sympathetic responses decrease mucosal blood flow leading to ischemia. The secretion of acid is important in the pathogenesis of ulcer disease. Acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter), gastrin (a hormone), and secretin (a hormone) stimulate the chief cells, which stimulate acid secretion. Parietal cell mass in people with peptic ulcer disease is 1.5 to 2 times greater than in persons without disease. Infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria is a major cause of duodenal ulcers.
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A nurse delegates hydrotherapy to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which statement should the nurse include when delegating this activity?
a. "Keep the water temperature constant when showering the client." b. "Assess the wound beds during the hydrotherapy treatment." c. "Apply a topical enzyme agent after bathing the client." d. "Use sterile saline to irrigate and clean the client's wounds."
A nurse teaches a client with a fractured tibia about external fixation. Which advantages of external fixation for the immobilization of fractures should the nurse share with the client? (Select all that apply.)
a. It leads to minimal blood loss. b. It allows for early ambulation. c. It decreases the risk of infection. d. It increases blood supply to tissues. e. It promotes healing.
The nurse is caring for a patient who experienced a stroke leaving the left side of the body paralyzed. The patient says, "I can still bathe myself," but the nurse performs the bath to make certain the patient gets clean
What ethical principles is the nurse violating with this behavior? Select all that apply. a. Beneficence b. Fidelity c. Autonomy d. Veracity e. Nonmaleficence
The parent of a teen diagnosed with schizophrenia asks, "Why does schizophrenia usually appear in adolescence?" The nurse's reply would be based on which premise?
a. Stimulation of neurotransmitters is unstable. b. Neuronal system complexity stabilizes. c. Dendrite branching becomes complete in adolescence. d. Amino acid production increases.