Identify the following as participants in either specific or nonspecific immune responses, and for each provide a onesentence
explanation of its function or role.
A. macrophages
B. natural killer cells
C. memory cells What will be an ideal response?
A. Macrophages participate in nonspecific immune responses by phagocytosis of pathogens
that have pathogen-associated molecular patterns on their cell surface.
B. Natural killer cells participate in nonspecific immune response by destroying tumor cells
with abnormal MHC I displays on the cell membrane.
C. Memory cells are specific T or B cells generated by previous exposure to specific
antigens.
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In the technique of artificial twinning,
a. two embryos are fused. b. an embryo is teased apart. c. two sperm are used to fertilize a single egg. d. two eggs and two sperm are used to form two embryos. e. an embryo’s nucleus is removed and replaced with an adult embryo
Poliomyelitis is an RNA virus that can invade the nervous system and cause paralysis within a matter of hours. Polio has been virtually eliminated world-wide by which of the following?
a. Antibiotics b. Vaccination c. Mosquito control d. Quarantine e. Improve water quality
Refer to the accompanying figure. Which organelle evolved from the photosynthetic bacteria?
a. nucleus b. chloroplast c. food vacuole d. mitochondria e. endoplasmic reticulum
The phylum ________ is thought to represent the oldest branch of the bacteria.
A. Aquificae B. Thermotogae C. Cyanobacteria D. Spirochetes