A patient has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for many years. When the patient tries to reduce smoking, anxiety, craving, poor concentration, and headache occur. This scenario describes:
a. cross-tolerance.
b. substance abuse.
c. substance addiction.
d. substance intoxication.
ANS: C
Nicotine meets the criteria for a "substance," the criterion for addiction is present, and withdrawal symptoms are noted with abstinence or reduction of dose. The scenario does not meet criteria for substance abuse, intoxication, or cross-tolerance.
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A child that had a shunt placed four years ago for hydrocephalus is in the emergency room complaining of a rapid onset of vomiting and increased lethargy. The nurse knows that the child will need:
1. Nothing, as this is a normal complication and not an emergency. 2. To be placed on IV fluids to help maintain an electrolyte balance. 3. Small amounts of fluids until the vomiting has subsided. 4. To consider this a neurological medical emergency and check the child's head circumference.
If a patient had a myocardial infarction on Monday, by Thursday he or she should be eating
a. a clear liquid diet. b. mostly cold foods. c. small, frequent meals. d. three moderate meals a day.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled fora liver biopsy. For which category of surgical procedures should the nurse plan care for this patient?
a. Curative b. Palliative c. Diagnostic d. Preventive