For a 2-year-old child, cognitive development is characterized by:
1. Recognizing right and wrong
2. Initiating play with other children
3. Having a vocabulary of at least 1000 words
4. Using short sentences to express independence
ANS: 4
A 2-year-old child uses short sentences to express independence and control, does not under-stand the concepts of right and wrong, may engage in solitary play and begin to participate in parallel play, may initiate play with other children, and has a vocabulary up to 300 words.
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One of the things taught to a patient during preoperative teaching is to have nothing by mouth for 8 hours before surgery. The patient asks the nurse why this is important. What is the most appropriate response for the patient?
A) "You will need to have food and fluid restricted for 8 hours before surgery so you are not at risk for aspiration." B) "The restriction of food or fluid will present the development of pneumonia related to decreased lung capacity." C) "The presence of food in the stomach interferes with the absorption of anesthetic agents." D) "By withholding food for 8 hours before surgery, you will not develop constipation in the postoperative period."
You are a nurse working in a pediatric clinic. Your goal is to have accurate, up-to-date immunization records on all the children who come to the clinic. Which of the following record-keeping efforts would best help you meet your goal?
a. Have the caregivers document all the immunizations and dates of immunizations for each child. b. Have caregivers list all those who gave immunizations to their children and sign consent forms for release of information; then combine the records into one. c. Assume that immunizations are not up-to-date and begin the process at the beginning. d. Have the caregiver document all past immunizations with a note that this is caregiver recall and then chart new immunizations.
A patient's outcome was to have a pain level of 4 out of 10, 30 minutes after receiving medication. 30 minutes later the patient reported a pain level of 3 out of 10. Has the outcome been:
a. Met b. Not met c. Partially met d. Not enough information
The nurse is caring for a patient with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Which neurochemical explanation should the nurse recall about the risk of symptoms increasing? (Select all that apply.)
1. Use of drugs that increase dopaminergic activity 2. A decrease in dopaminergic activity in the brain 3. An increase in gray matter in the anterior cingulate and hippocampus 4. A reduction in the structural gray matter of the bilateral frontal lobe and amygdala 5. Mitochondrial reduction of density and volume, including defective mitochondrial energy production