The nurse is preparing to start a peripheral IV infusion. Which of the following techniques could be used to help ensure success with the venipuncture? (Select all that apply.)
a. Elevate the extremity to promote venous return.
b. Apply a warm compress prior to site preparation.
c. Use a tourniquet to dilate the vein.
d. Lower the head of the bed to reduce cardiac output.
e. Encourage the patient to open the hand and lay it flat on the bed.
f. Push the skin toward the intended puncture site to prevent rolling.
ANS: B, C
The extremity should be placed in a dependent position; warm compresses may help dilate the vein; a tourniquet will help dilate and stabilize the vein; reduced cardiac output will not optimize venipuncture; the patient should be encouraged to open and close the fist a couple of times to pump blood to the extremity; and skin should be pulled away from the intended site to prevent rolling.
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