How do differences in the degree of governmental control in China and India relate to their different birth control policies?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The Indian government sponsors family- planning programs, and radio and television emphasize that small families are healthier and happier. A new social security program assures people that they will be taken care of by the government in their old age. Abortions are legal, but sterilization accounts for about 90% of India's family-planning program and is practiced by 37% of married Indian women.
In 1979, China launched a so-called one-child policy, offering couples incentives to reduce childbearing, such as financial rewards and special privileges for small families, as well as penalties for exceeding the targets. There are numerous exceptions provided by the policy, however, so that only about a third of the population actually lives under a strict one-child rule and thus the policy, if followed, would create a TFR of about 1.47. The policies have helped to lower China's fertility rate to about 1.6, well below replacement level, although with enormous controversy about the government's tactics. Other factors, such as delayed marriage and changing ideas about family size, are likely contributing to this decline independently of government policy. If these trends continue, China's population will peak during the next two decades before decreasing.
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Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).