Which of the following is a valid critique of neutralization theory?
a. It says nothing about the origins of the antisocial behavior the actors seek to neutralize.
b. It only applies to property crimes.
c. It eliminates much of the overdetermined image of subcultural values implied in subcultural theories.
d. It unquestioningly accepts official definitions of criminality.
a. It says nothing about the origins of the antisocial behavior the actors seek to neutralize.
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When a hostage-taker isolates his/her hostages and dehumanizes them, it should be considered a danger signal that they may resort to violence
a. True b. False
Criteria for involvement in La Cosa Nostra includes which of the following?
a. being male b. being of Italian descent c. having proven criminal expertise d. all of these
Experiments conducted using prisoners have included all of the following except:
A. drug toxicity experimentation by drug companies. B. prisoners being given large doses of vitamins and minerals. C. Harvard University study using hallucinogens. D. testicle exposure to x-rays.
Successful prison reentry requires that parole and postrelease services focus on linking offenders with community institutions, including which of the following?
a. churches b. families c. self-help groups d. nonprofit programs e. all of these