The nurse is caring for a patient with fluid volume overload. Which physiological effect does the nurse most likely expect?
a. Increased preload
b. Increased heart rate
c. Decreased afterload
d. Decreased tissue perfusion
ANS: A
Preload refers to the amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole; an increase in circulating volume would increase the preload of the heart. Afterload refers to resistance; increased pressure would lead to increased resistance, and afterload would increase. A decrease in tissue perfusion would be seen with hypovolemia. A decrease in fluid volume would cause an increase in heart rate as the body is attempting to increase cardiac output.
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