In the classic Piagetian conservation task using liquid, Jabar focuses on the heights of the water, failing to realize that changes in width compensate for changes in height. Jabar's thinking is characterized by
A) dynamic transformation.
B) centration.
C) magical thinking.
D) irreversibility.
B
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Of the following, which is the strongest evidence that heredity is an important contributor to differences in intelligence?
a. Adopted children's IQ scores correlate positively with those of the adopting parents. b. On average, IQ scores have been increasing from one generation to the next. c. Monozygotic twins reared in separate families have similar IQ scores. d. IQ scores tend to be consistent from childhood through adulthood.
Why is adolescence the best time for a psychosocial moratorium?
A. Adolescents are most likely to reject the identities their parents have prescribed for them. B. Adolescents are often confused and withdrawn from the world. C. Adolescents lose their selves by immersing themselves into the peer world. D. Adolescents have more autonomy than children but not the responsibilities of adults.
Many skills, such as playing a musical instrument, cake decorating, or learning to bat a baseball, are learned by what Albert Bandura called
a. instrumental conditioning. b. respondent conditioning. c. observational learning. d. discovery learning.
In an institution for delinquent adolescents, a behavioral system has been implemented in which the adolescents earn points for target behaviors like getting up on time, making beds, and attending class. They are allowed to exchange their earned points for privileges, activities, etc. They are also charged tokens for inappropriate behaviors, such as staying in bed or fighting. This system is
called a. systematic desensitization. b. a vicarious learning model. c. a token economy. d. a hierarchy of needs.