A nurse recalls that regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the:
a. buffer systems.
b. skin.
c. lungs.
d. liver.
ANS: C
The volatile acid is carbonic acid (H2CO3), which readily dissociates into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). The CO2 is then eliminated by the lungs. Buffer systems are throughout the body and operate in the extracellular and intracellular systems. Neither the liver nor the skin reg-ulates acid-base balance.
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