Theses pathological changes of the circle of Willis occur at an increased rate in patients who have
A. von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
B. multiple endocrine neoplasia type I
C. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
D. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
E. acquired hydronephrosis
C
This photograph illustrates three berry aneurysms of the circle of Willis. Approximately 20% of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease have berry aneurysms of the circle of Willis. This disease is related to the mutation of the gene encoding a cell adhesion molecule called polycystin. Polycystin most likely plays a role in the formation of the circle of Willis, mediating the fusion of embryonic arteries originating from the carotid and the basilary artery systems.
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