Amanda was studying turtles based on DNA analysis. Under the current classification scheme, which of the following turtle species are thought to be most closely related? (1) Graptemys ouachitensis, (2) Trachemys scripta, (3) Apalone spinifera, (4) Graptemys kohni.
A. 1 and 3 due to inductive reasoning
B. 1 and 3 due to deductive reasoning
C. 2 and 3 due to inductive reasoning
D. 1 and 4 due to inductive reasoning
E. 2 and 3 due to deductive reasoning
F. 1 and 4 due to deductive reasoning
Clarify Question
1. What is the key concept addressed by the question?
2. What type of thinking is required?
3. What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
1. What do you know about relatedness based on species names?How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
1. What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
2. In which examples are general principles being used and in which are specific results being considered?
Choose Answer
1. Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
1. Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break
down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
D. 1 and 4 due to inductive reasoning
Clarify Question
1. The question is about the differences between
inductive and deductive reasoning.
2. This question is asking for you to apply the definition of inductive
and deductive reasoning to specific examples.
3. Studying turtles by DNA analysis – this means sequencing the DNA from individuals and
comparing the similarity of the sequences. The more closely related the species, the more similar their DNA sequences will be.
Genus and species names are given. Closely related species will have the same genus.
Gather Content
1. There are two parts of a species name and those with the same genus are the most closely related.
Consider Possibilities
1. In inductive reasoning there are data to analyze to create a hypothesis.
2. In deductive reasoning you make conclusions or predictions from existing data or observations
Choose Answer
1. Data (DNA sequences) are being analyzed to draw conclusions, so this is inductive reasoning. The two turtle species with the same genus should have the most similarity in their DNA sequences.
Reflect on Process
1. This question asked you to apply the definition of inductive reasoning to a specific example and also to
recognize that two species of the same genus will be more closely related.If you got the correct answer,
great job! If you got an incorrect answer, where did you get stuck? Did you not realize that the two
species of turtles from the same genus would be closely related? Did you not recognize that analyzing
DNA sequences to draw a conclusion was inductive reasoning?
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