Suppose a researcher finds that teens who smoke have fewer friends. What can we conclude about cause and effect?
A) Other teens reject those who smoke.
B) Having fewer friends makes you nervous, and smoking calms you down.
C) Teens with a nervous temperament put others off and are also more likely to smoke.
D) Finding a correlation between smoking and having fewer friends does not let us conclude anything about cause and effect.
Answer: D
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Research suggests that, when people are given objective power over others (e.g., the ability to hire or fire employees, or to issue pay cuts or bonuses) they tend, in general, ____
a. to "throw it around" and take credit for accomplishments b. to fail to use it at all c. to use it for the good—only when necessary or to help others d. to be very uncomfortable using it at first, but to gradually learn how to use it for the good—only when necessary or to help others
People around the world recognize an upturned mouth as being associated with happiness. What concept does this support?
A. universality hypothesis B. affect blend C. micro-expressions D. facial leakage
A woman has been diagnosed as having a dissociative disorder. She is most likely to
a. have a grandiose sense of self-importance. b. have a disturbance in her identity, memory, or consciousness. c. experience severe depression or depression coupled with mania. d. feel anxious or worried most of the time.
True or False: The word study, when referring to psychological research, implies that a variable was manipulated.
a. True b. False