The nurse is caring for a client with prostate cancer. Which laboratory finding indicates to the nurse that the cancer has metastasized to the bone?
a. Serum calcium, 21.6 mg/dL
b. Creatine kinase, 55 U/mL
c. Alkaline phosphatase, 45 IU/mL
d. Lactate dehydrogenase, 120 U/L
A
Metastasis of tumor to bone results in release of calcium into the bloodstream, causing an eleva-tion of the serum calcium level (normal range, 9 to 10.5 mg/dL). The other laboratory values are within normal limits and do not indicate metastasis to the bone.
You might also like to view...
The nurse explains that according to Maslow, mentally healthy persons have the characteristics of (select all that apply):
1. acceptance of self. 2. reality orientation. 3. spontaneity. 4. effective problem solving. 5. no need for privacy.
The nurse is caring for a client who is anxious about a new diagnosis of cancer. When discussing chemotherapy with the client, the nurse understands that
a. the client will need to be given instructions only once. b. the client may only hear part of the instructions. c. emotions obey the rules of logic. d. a cognitive lack of understanding may occur.
Which of the following is the dominant issue in ethical debate around an issue such as continuing or withdrawing treatment in acute health care?
a. Doing what is best for the community b. Doing what is best for the family c. Obeying legal mandates d. Upholding ethical principles
Which of the following best reflects nursing's view of clients as holistic beings?
A) Physical, psychosocial, religious B) Mind, body, spirit C) Id, ego, superego D) Spiritual, egocentric, naive