An experimenter wanted to test the hypothesis that women who eat large meals are not liked as well as women who eat smaller quantities of food by using the one factor repeated measures design. Participants in the study watched a videotape of a woman eating a small nutritious snack, a normal meal, or a huge meal while talking to another person. Each participant viewed three different versions of
the videotape, each with a different woman (Pat, Sue, and Deb) eating a different amount of food. After viewing the videotape, participants filled out a questionnaire about how much they liked each of the women they had seen in the videos. In this experiment, having three different women each eat the three different amounts of food (thereby creating nine versions of the videotape) exemplifies which feature of the repeated measures experiment?
a. counterbalancing the order of treatments
b. the operational definition of the dependent variable
c. embedding the treatment within a context
d. randomizing the experimental and control groups
C
The context is the different women who eat the food. It is necessary to embed the treatment level in different contexts because if the women were the same for every treatment level, demand characteristics would be likely to occur and affect the internal validity of the study.
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Evidence for universality from the developmental literature shows that newborn infants have the same facial musculature that exists in adult humans
a) True b) False
When we compare the incidence of psychological disorders across countries and cultures, we find that
a. there is remarkable similarity in the rates of various disorders in different countries and cultures b. all Western countries have a similar rate of common disorders, but this is not true for developing countries. c. developing countries have a much higher rate of psychological disorder than Western countries. d. there are enormous differences in the rates of various disorders in different countries and cultures.
Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique was a(n) ____
a. 10-year follow-up of the lives of her graduating class from Smith College in which she found that these educated, bright women felt trapped in the role of housewife and wanted careers to have happier, more fulfilled lives b. argument that showed that women were not granted an identity of their own but were considered the objects of men's wishes and anxieties c. argument that patriarchy bred violence and forced men to renounce all that is feminine in them d. exploration of sex as a subject worthy of medical, scientific, and philosophical debate
While watching one of Shakespeare's plays, you notice that Lady Macbeth seems to have an anxiety disorder. In one scene, she repeatedly washes nonexistent blood off her hands. If you were to adopt a psychodynamic explanation for her behavior,
you might suggest that a. her parents consistently reinforced cleanliness in her childhood. b. she is suffering from a neurological disorder. c. her behavior is a consequence of an evolutionary predisposition. d. her hand washing is a symbolic representation of an underlying conflict.