In interstitial lung disease, which of the following mechanisms contributes to impaired gas ex-change?
1. Depression of respiratory drive
2. Diffusion defect
3. Shunt
4. Ventilation/perfusion mismatch
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, and 4
ANS: C
Gas exchange is impaired owing to ventilation/perfusion mismatching, shunt, and decreased dif-fusion across the abnormal interstitium.
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