A friend of yours has a problem. His teacher has assigned him to make a presentation on problem solving and reasoning, but he doesn't know where to begin. You suggest that he might start with how problems are defined,
how researchers might study problem solving, and why people have difficulty solving problems. Then, he might compare and contrast deductive and inductive reasoning, and show how people use heuristics when making judgments and decisions. Summarize what your friend's presentation might look like.
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Define problem solving in terms of problem spaces and processes. Define algorithms and think-aloud protocols. Include the idea that we can more easily find new solutions if we are very aware of the old ones and do not have to use many resources remembering the well-used approaches. Include definitions of inductive and deductive reasoning and how they complement one another.
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Clarification statements
a. serve to clarify the interviewee's response. b. remain very close to the meaning of the interviewee's response. c. may add to the interviewee's response. d. all of these
Semantic means pertaining to
(a) LTM (b) memory (c) meaning (d) working memory (e) the method of loci
Which of the following best describes divided attention?
a. the ability to filter out or ignore all environmental stimuli and to focus on one's own thoughts b. the ability to focus on relevant information from two or more independent sources c. organizing information into coherent patterns d. the ability to focus on relevant information while screening out information that is irrelevant
Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?
A. Linda turns off the lights before going to bed. B. Max drives the car from his office to his home. C. Maria types on her computer while talking to her friend. D. John summarizes the plot of a novel that he has just read to his friend.