Describe mechanisms of transfer of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Some HAIs are acquired from patients with communicable diseases, but others are selected and maintained within the hospital environment. HAIs are often present as normal flora in either patients or healthcare staff. HAIs are acquired because patients, such as newborns and the elderly, are already ill or immunocompromised. Furthermore, healthcare personnel can transfer pathogens between and among patients. Surgery, catheterization, and intravenous lines compromise the skin and mucus membranes (potentially introducing pathogens into the body). Anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotic treatment may select for resistant and opportunistic pathogens as well.
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At the end of glycolysis, the carbon molecules originally found in the starting glucose molecule are in the form of:
A. one pyruvate molecule. B. two pyruvate molecules. C. two ATP molecules. D. two NADH molecules. E. four ATP molecules.
Which mechanism of nutrient acquisition is not seen in bacteria?
A. Group translocation B. Endocytosis C. Facilitated diffusion D. Simple diffusion E. Active transport
What activates protein kinase C?
a. IP3 b. DAG c. cAMP d. PIP2 e. calcium ions
The division Basidiomycota includes which of the following types of fungi?
A. truffles B. mushrooms C. baker's yeast D. bread mold E. ringworm