What is the nature-nurture question of intelligence? What does an interaction between nature and nurture mean in the context of intelligence?
What will be an ideal response?
The nature-nurture question asks how nature (hereditary or genetic factors) interacts with nurture (environmental factors) in the development of a person's intellectual, emotional, personal, and social abilities. In the early 1900s, intelligence was believed to be primarily inherited, or due to nature. In the 1950s, psychology was heavily influenced by behaviorism, which emphasized nurture, or environmental factors, in the development of intelligence. Today, researchers find nature and nurture interact and contribute about equally to the development of intelligence.
An example of how genetic and environmental factors interact in the development of intelligence comes from a study of 3-year-old children who were identified as being either high or low in exploring their environments, which is a personality trait known as stimulation seeking. These children were later given IQ tests at age 11 to determine if being high or low in stimulation seeking affected their IQs. Children who had been rated high in stimulation seeking at age 3 scored significantly higher on IQ tests compared to children who had been rated low in stimulation seeking at age 3 . This significant difference in IQ scores (11 points) was not related to the occupation or education of their parents. Researchers concluded that children high in stimulation seeking were more curious and open to learning from their environments, which in turn enhanced the development of their cognitive abilities and resulted in higher scores on IQ tests
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Researchers (Meinzer et al., 2016) have found that __________ can help stroke patients with aphasia, as they were more accurate on naming tasks versus those who received a placebo.
A. brain growth stimulation B. neurotransmitter tablets C. electroencephalogram therapy D. transcranial stimulation
The Mini-Cog, Dementia Rating Scale, Delirium Rating Scale, and the Confusion Assessment Method are all
a. screening tests for dementia. b. screening tests for age-appropriate memory. c. profiles of normalcy. d. assessments for schizophrenia.
Prescription stimulants have NOT been shown to improve people's ability to:
A) focus their attention. B) solve problems through insight. C) manipulate information in working memory. D) flexibly control their responses.
The phenomenon of pluralistic ignorance is one in which bystanders in an emergency tend to
A) suddenly forget what they know regarding delivering aid in emergency situations, due to overwhelming stress. B) become "paralyzed" in emergency situations, due to overwhelming empathy for the person in the emergency situation. C) perpetuate the mistakes of others while caring for a person in an emergency situation. D) look around at other people who don't appear alarmed, and assume there's no emergency after all.