What new developments in Africa and the Americas gradually created new types of pastoral imperialism?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

A. New types of pastoral imperialism
1. the African Sahel
a. Moroccan sultan al-Mansur collected an army equipped with
formidable firepower
b. declared war on Songhay
c. Morocco turned the western Sahel into a colony settled with
20,000 men
d. settler communities, often marrying locally, gradually slipped
out of Moroccan control
e. supremacy of the Sahel pastoralists remained secure
2. Ethiopian highlands
a. pastoralist invaders from the east and south—pagan Oromo,
Muslim Adil—seized lands and destroyed the monasteries that
were the engines of Ethiopian frontier settlement
3. extreme southern tip of Africa
a. herding grew in economic importance
b. pastoralists who called themselves Khoi
c. Dutch settlers introduced sheep following the establishment of a
colony of the Dutch East India Company on the Cape in 1652
4. introduction of horses, cattle, and sheep in the America's made new
ways of life possible
a. raised the prospect of empires whose economy was based on
herding livestock
5. Mexico and Brazil
a. pastoral imperialism imposed on sedentary Indian peoples
b. sheep and cattle, unknown before the Europeans arrived,
numbered millions by the early seventeenth century and grazed
hundreds of thousands of square miles of land
c. vacated by native farmers and hunters
6. main trend of the period was the extension of new forms of exploitation
onto lands where it had never before been practiced
a. new empires, which encouraged colonists and drove and mined
for new resources, forced the pace of this change