A patient asks the nurse how the body identifies bacteria and then proceeds to kill them. The nurse should instruct the patient about:
1. The presence and shape of toll receptors in the cells.
2. The importance of an alkaline environment in the stomach.
3. The role of skin in killing bacteria.
4. The need to retain the tonsils and adenoids.
The presence and shape of toll receptors in the cells.
Rationale: The toll receptors are present at the cellular level and initiate immune responses when pieces of bacterial cell walls attach to them. Humans are born with these toll receptors, and they provide innate protection for the body. The ideal stomach pH environment is acidic, not alkaline. The skin serves as a barrier to the entry of bacteria into the body and does not kill bacteria. Tonsils and adenoids are important in filtering bacteria and viruses from the upper airways and the mouth.
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A summary of the research evidence that relates to a specific question and to the effects of an intervention is
1. Evidence-based practice 2. Action research 3. Systematic review 4. Best practices