The Labeling Theory ---

a. Is about the self-identity and behavior of individuals that may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them.
b. Directly links crime rates to neighborhood ecological characteristics.
c. Explains crime as the behavior of individuals caught up in cultural and group conflict.
d. Is arguing that crime is mainly by inherited and biologically predetermined factors.


a. Is about the self-identity and behavior of individuals that may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them.

Criminal Justice

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Cloward and Ohlin identified three types of delinquent subculture: criminal, conflict, and retreating subcultures

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a recommendation suggested to improve public safety, offender reintegration and the plight of the victim?

A. concerns for the victim must remain paramount B. longer sentences followed by reintegrative services C. the public must be educated on restorative justice and offender reentry D. high-risk offenders need to be appropriately identified and supervised

Criminal Justice

What region of the United States has the top 10 cities with highest rates of motor vehicle thefts?

A. southern B. midwestern C. northeastern D. western

Criminal Justice

The median dollar amount of loss attributed to crime when there was a loss was _________

a. $200 b. $1000 c. $2200 d. $5400

Criminal Justice