The patient is withdrawing from opioids. Which symptoms best describe the results of the nurse's assessment?
1. Abdominal cramping and pain
2. Positional fluctuations in blood pressure
3. Hot, dry skin
4. Goose bumps
5. Agitation
1,2,4,5
Rationale 1: Signs of opioid withdrawal include abdominal cramps and pain.
Rationale 2: Orthostatic hypotension occurs during opioid withdrawal.
Rationale 3: It is more likely that diaphoresis will occur.
Rationale 4: Signs of opioid withdrawal include goose bumps on the skin.
Rationale 5: Signs of opioid withdrawal include agitation.
Global Rationale: Signs of opioid withdrawal include agitation, goose bumps, orthostatic hypotension, and abdominal cramps and pain. It is more likely that diaphoresis will occur.
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