Which statement best captures the basic idea underlying the experimental method?
a. Sample participants carefully observe their behavior and report the results.
b. One should describe and measure behavior under a wide variety of uncontrolled conditions.
c. It is important to manipulate an independent variable to look for an effect on a dependent variable.
d. A researcher manipulates a dependent variable to look for an effect on an independent variable.
Answer: c. Manipulate an independent variable to look for an effect on a dependent variable.
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Although children under age 6 sometimes confuse appearance and reality, as Piaget said, studies by Flavell and others reveal that __________.
A. children as young as 3 can make appearance-reality distinctions under certain carefully designed experimental circumstances B. children as young as 2 understand that a sponge that looks like a rock is really a sponge C. when 5-year-olds are shown a sponge that looks like a rock, they believe it is a rock even after the have felt its spongy texture D. children as young as 3 typically understand that magical beings such as Santa Claus are not really magical
Jeannie has ADHD and her teacher believes that all children with ADHD misbehave in the classroom. Jeannie has never misbehaved in the classroom but now her parents get a weekly phone call from the principal about Jeannie’s bad behavior at school. Jeannie’s teacher may be creating __________________ for Jeannie.
A. a self-fulfilling prophecy B. cognitive dissonance C. deindividuation D. an actor-observer effect E. a correspondence bias
Which one of the following is the correct APA style of documenting the authors of a work cited in the text of a paper?
a. McBurney and Middleton (1999) found that... b. McBurney & Middleton (1999) found that... c. McBurney et al. (1999) found that... d. (McBurney and Middleton 1999) found that...
Positive resolution of the crisis of late adulthood leads to the development of:
a. generativity b. ego integrity c. industry d. autonomy