Three of the following are examples of instrumental conditioning. Which one is not?
a. Andrew gives his dog Maggie a scrap of food from his plate whenever Maggie begs at the dinner table. Before long, Maggie is by Andrew's side begging at every meal.
b. Bart uses obscene words when he speaks in class. His teacher scolds him for such language in front of his classmates. Much to the teacher's dismay, Bart's use of obscene words increases.
c. Carol's room has been a disaster area for more than a month, with toys and clothes lying about everywhere. Carol's mother has told Carol that, once the room has been cleaned, they will spend a day at the zoo. There is no noticeable improvement in Carol's housekeeping habits.
d. Daniel once went to visit the elderly woman next door, and she gave him a couple of homemade cookies. Now Daniel goes to see the woman almost every day after school and comes home a half an hour later still licking crumbs off his lips.
c
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Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Very young writers typically __________ and assume that readers already know whatever writers know. So for beginners, one of their first steps in writing a piece should be to define __________
A) lack a sense of audience; who will be reading it B) have no interest in stories; why stories are important C) do not want to express themselves; ways to motivate them D) have few imaginative ideas; ways to use one's imagination
Raw data always leads researchers to the same inferences
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
It is predicted in the next 50 years that the nation's white population will be a little more than half of the U.S. population
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.