Provide three diseases caused by protozoa. Include the causal organism, the group in which it is classified, and its
means of transmission when possible. What will be an ideal response?
Concepts to Consider:Unikonts
, Amoebozoa--Entamoeba histolytica, amoebic dysentery, transmitted via
contaminated water
Excavates, trypanosomes--Trypanosoma causes African sleeping sickness, transmitted via
tsetse flies. Excavates, diplomonads--Giardia intestinalis causes diarrhea, transmitted via contaminated
water.
Chromalveolates, alveolates, apicomplexans--Plasmodium causes malaria; transmitted via a
mosquito.
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What happens during cytokinesis?
A. The sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell. B. The cytoplasm is split and distributed to the two daughter cells created during mitosis. C. The sister chromatids split apart and go to opposite sides of the cell. D. The cytoplasm replicates itself to be distributed to the two daughter cells created during mitosis.
In female humans and other mammals, dosage compensation is achieved by the inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in each cell. Which one of the following does not occur in the X-inactivation mechanism of female mammals?
A. X-inactivation begins with a small region of the X chromosome that contains a gene for an X-inactivation specific transcript (Xist). B. Xist is expressed in low levels except when an X chromosome is about to be inactivated. C. When an X chromosome is about to be inactivated, Xist RNA transcripts increase markedly and undergo splicing, but do not encode a protein. D. Xist RNA is attracted to and associates with a protein called the X-chromosome inactivation center (XIC), which becomes entirely coated with Xist. E. Xist RNA recruits factors that promote DNA methylation, histone modification, and other changes associated with transcriptional silencing.
When an infectious disease cannot spread in a population because it lacks a significant number of susceptible hosts, the phenomenon is referred to as
A. protected population. B. active immunity. C. passive immunity. D. herd immunity.
At what stage of the cell cycle is DNA found in its condensed form, which is known as a chromosome?
a. throughout prophase only b. throughout prophase and metaphase c. throughout the cell cycle d. throughout mitosis until late telophase