Describe the dimensional and the prototypical approaches to classification
What will be an ideal response?
The dimensional approach assumes that a person's typical behavior is produced by a combination of differing strengths of behaviors along several definable dimensions. These include emotional stability, anxiousness, and social introversion, among many others. The dimensions are the same for everyone. People differ in terms of how much they have of each trait, not because of an underlying dysfunction that causes disordered behavior. Abnormality is determined through statistical criteria by comparison to people in general. The prototypal approach classifies types by describing the idealized combination of personality characteristics that occur regularly together, based on observation. It is likely that no member of a defined group will have all of the characteristics of the defined prototype. There also is often much overlap between categories. GRADING RUBRIC - 10 points, 5 points for each approach.
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A number of research studies have investigated gender differences in physiological and behavior reactions to stress. The evidence from these studies suggests that in comparison to males, females typically:
a. have a weaker physiological response to stress b. display tend-and-befriend as their primary response, rather than fight-or-flight c. enter Selye's exhaustion stage much sooner d. show stronger and more widespread physiological reactions to stress
In second-order conditioning, the CS is paired with a:
A) stimulus that naturally elicits a response. B) biologically relevant stimulus such as food. C) neutral stimulus such as a black square. D) previously established CS.
Regarding handedness, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Left-handed locomotive engineers have higher accident rates with a possible cause being the locomotive controls were designed for right-handed persons. b. Left-handed persons who owe their hand preference to birth traumas have a higher incidence of allergies and learning disorders. c. Consistent left-handers are more at risk for immune-related diseases than those people with inconsistent handedness. d. The shortage of very old lefties may reflect that more left-handed children were forced to become right-handed, so the lefties are masquerading as righties.
Lev Vygotsky is best known for his contributions to ______ theory
cognitive sociocultural psychoanalytic behavioral