Identify the FALSE statement. The big bang:
occurred more than 13 billion years ago.
cataclysmically exploded matter outward.
began with all matter and energy concentrated in an infinitesimally small point.
theory states that at the instant of explosion, everything had so much thermal energy even the smallest atomic pieces couldn't exist.
is the explanation for how our Solar System developed.
is the explanation for how our Solar System developed
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A material which has the ability to rotate the direction of polarization of linearly polarized light is said to be
A) circularly polarized. B) birefringent. C) optically active. D) dichroic. E) diffraction limited.
A standard 4 10 cm steel pipe (ID = 10.066 cm., OD = 11.25 cm) carries superheated steam at 650°C in an enclosed space where a fire hazard exists, limiting the outer surface temperature to 38°C. To minimize the insulation cost, two materials are to be used; first a high temperature (relatively expensive) insulation is to be applied to the pipe and then magnesia (a less expensive material) on the outside. The maximum emperature of the magnesia is to be 315°C. The following constants are known.
(a) Specify the thickness for each insulating material.
(b) Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient based on the pipe OD.
(c) What fraction of the total resistance is due to (1) steam-side resistance, (2) steel pipe
resistance, (3) insulation (combination of the two), and (4) outside resistance?
(d) How much heat is transferred per hour, per foot length of pipe?
GIVEN
• Steam filled steel pipe with two layers of insulation
• Pipe inside diameter (Di) = 10.066 cm=0.10066 m
• Pipe outside diameter (Do) = 11.25 cm=0.1125 m
• Superheated steam temperature (Ts) = 650°C
• Maximum outer surface temperature (Tso) = 38°C
• Maximum temperature of the Magnesia (Tm) = 315°C
• Thermal conductivities
? High-temperature insulation (kh) = 0.1 W/(m K)
? Magnesia (km) = 0.076 W/(m K)
? Steel (ks) = 43 W/(m K)
• Heat transfer coefficients
? Steam side ( ci h ) = 500 W/(m2 K)
? Outside ( co h ) = 11 W/(m2 K)
• Ambient temperature (Ta) = 21°C FIND
(a) Thickness for each insulation material
(b) Overall heat transfer coefficient based on the pipe OD (c) Fraction of the total resistance due to
? Steam-side resistance
? Steel pipe resistance
? Insulation
? Outside resistance (d) The rate of heat transfer per unit length of pipe (q/L) ASSUMPTIONS
• The system is in steady state
• Constant thermal conductivities
• Contact resistance is negligible
SKETCH
Large fractures in Earth's surface that are associated with movement of lithospheric plates are called ______________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Two objects with different sizes, masses, and temperatures are placed in thermal contact. Choose the best answer. Energy travels
1.from the larger object to the smaller object. 2.from the object with more mass to the one with less mass. 3.from the object at higher temperature to the object at lower temperature.