How do practice pattern profiling and nursing-sensitive patient outcomes research relate to one another?
a. The identification of nursing-sensitive patient outcomes is a type of practice pattern profiling. The purpose of both is to identify the outlier, so as to improve patient outcomes.
b. Practice pattern profiling scrutinizes an individual in comparison with a group; nursing-sensitive patient outcomes research addresses nurses as a group, rather than as individuals.
c. Both can identify variables that affect patient outcome.
d. Both pose risk to the person who delivers care.
e. Neither can be undertaken without signed consent from the participants.
f. Both are types of outcomes research.
ANS: B, C, F
A nursing-sensitive patient outcome is "sensitive" because it is influenced by nursing care decisions and actions. It may not be caused by nursing, but is associated with nursing. Practice pattern profiling is an epidemiological technique that focuses on patterns of care rather than individual occurrences of care. Researchers use large database analysis to identify a provider's pattern of practice and compare it with that of similar providers or with an accepted standard of practice. The technique has been used to determine overutilization and underutilization of services, to examine costs associated with a particular provider's care, to uncover problems related to efficiency and quality of care, and to assess provider performance. Both use existent databases as data sources, a majority of the time.
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