When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increased. Luke always wore Old Spice after shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Luke's kiss was the _______________
a. unconditioned stimulus
b. unconditioned response
c. conditioned stimulus
d. conditioned response
Answer: C
Rationale: An unconditioned stimulus (US) is a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without learning. In this example, the stimulus that automatically caused Laura's heart to race before "conditioning" was Luke's kiss. In contrast, the after shave only caused Laura's heart to race because she learned to associate it with Luke.
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A) formation of couples with private intimacies, groups of same-sex friends, public interactions within a crowd of mixed-sex groups, small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd B) groups of same-sex friends, public interactions within a crowd of mixed-sex groups, small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd, formation of couples with private intimacies C) groups of same-sex friends, public interactions within a crowd of same-sex groups, small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd, formation of couples with private intimacies D) groups of opposite-sex friends, private interactions within a crowd of mixed-sex groups, small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd, formation of couples with private intimacies
Which of the following statements is a valid criticism of Wicker’s (1969) pessimistic conclusions about attitude-behavior relations?
a. Wicker only looked at 20 studies. b. Many of the studies he reviewed contained imprecise measures of attitude and behavior. c. Wicker obtained an average correlation (r = .35) that was stronger than he labelled it. d. both Wicker only looked at 20 studies and Many of the studies he reviewed contained imprecise measures of attitude and behavior.
Skills that must be mastered or personal changes that must be made for optimal development, such as learning to read, adjusting to sexual maturity, or establishing a vocation are best described as
a. developmental milestones. b. psychosocial dilemmas. c. moral dilemmas. d. developmental tasks.
Which of the following is true of adolescents who become close friends?
A) They tend to have different educational aspirations. B) They tend to share similar attitudes. C) They do not tend to have the same religious and political orientations. D) They have different patterns of drinking, drug use, and delinquency.