Which of the following is not a criteria for the framework of just punishment discussed by Steffen (2012)?

a. The motivation for punishment must be vengeance.
b. Punishment should restore a “value equilibrium” distorted and disturbed by the wrongdoing.
c. Punishments should not be cruel and should be the least harsh sentence.
d. The punishment and sentence must be properly authorized.


a. The motivation for punishment must be vengeance.

Criminal Justice

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Common law originates from usage and custom rather than from written statutes

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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The Monitoring the Future National asks students in eighth, tenth, and twelfth grades to participate in order to examine trends in drug taking behavior

a. True b. False

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One principle of ____________ jurisdiction is that no state can enforce the criminal laws of another state

a. territorial b. subject matter c. personal d. venue

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_______ is a common law crime that was aimed at preventing acts of misconduct by public officials

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice