A client with heart failure develops an increase in preload. What pathophysiologic process is responsible for these changes?
A. A reduction in sympathetic stimulation
B. Stimulation of coronary baroreceptors
C. Activation of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system
D. Arterial vasodilation and subsequent increase in oxygen consumption
C
Compensatory mechanisms in the body initially assist in increasing cardiac output, but eventually these contribute to pump failure. Activation of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system in-creases preload by contributing to vasoconstriction and fluid retention, which, in turn, reduce the force of contraction and cardiac output.
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The nurse is performing an assessment on a patient taking penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin). The patient shows confusion and hallucinations. The nurse would be correct to assume that
a. blood levels of the drug are too high. b. the patient has a history of alcohol abuse. c. an intra-arterial injection has been administered inadvertently. d. an accidental injection into a peripheral nerve has been administered.
A patient who was paralyzed in an automobile crash is receiving rehabilitation. This is an example of which type of health care service?
a. primary c. tertiary b. secondary d. chronic
Clients taking aminoglycosides should have the functioning of the ____ tested before and during treatment
a. liver. c. ulnar nerve. b. eighth cranial nerve. d. vision.
The nurse caring for a patient with decubitus ulcers should monitor dietary intake of vitamins and minerals since they play an important role in:
1. Maintaining fluid balances. 2. Promoting weight gain. 3. Each stage of the healing process. 4. Replacement of muscle mass.