Define and discuss the practitioner–scientist model.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Several researchers have offered helpful viewpoints in understanding and potentially implementing the practitioner–scientist model. Hoshmand and Polkinghorne (1992) stated that “ . . . the test for knowledge is whether it serves to guide human action to attain goals . . . the test is pragmatic” (p. 58). As Gelso (2006) suggested, training in the scientist–practitioner model need not be rigidly implemented, with equal emphasis on research and practice. In addition, Heppner et al. (1992) suggested that there can be much different configuration than a simple 50/50 split of time between practice and research--80% focus on practice and 20% on research, for instance. The issue for practitioners in counseling and education is to find the pragmatic and realistic proportion of emphasis on practice and research. Related to the issue of emphasis is a further clarification and definition of what it means to operate from a practitioner–scientist model, and this will need to come from practitioners who realistically use and conduct research in their practices.
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