Gino is 4 years old and his mother just gave birth to another child. Just recently Gino has become increasingly aggressive towards the baby, and increasingly whiny, demanding, and disobedient. To help the situation Gino's mother should ____
a. use positive and negative punishment to condition Gino's negative behaviors
b. explain the feelings and needs of the baby to him
c. separate Gino from the baby for a time of 2 weeks as a means to buffer the negative feelings
d. take Gino to see a child psychologist because his behaviors are extremely rare and disturbing
B. Studies indicate that if mothers pay special attention to the toddler before the new baby arrives and explain the feelings and needs of the baby after the birth, toddlers respond more positively to their new sibling.
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A group of scientists notices that people who smoke often develop cancer later in life. To test this, they design a longitudinal study in which they take note of how many cigarettes each participant smokes each day, how many years each participant smokes, and whether he or she develops any kind of cancer at any point. What type of study is this?
A. an experimental study B. a correlational study C. a case study D. a survey study
Which of the following is NOT a reason that students from middle- and high-SES homes achieve at higher levels than those from low-SES schools?
A) They may have more adequate nutrition and health. B) They may be more likely to live in homes with adequate space to do homework and where computers and books are commonplace. C) They may be more likely to be home schooled. D) They may have access to more adequate schools that are well equipped with books and resources that contribute to learning.
Karen finds listening to voicemails unpleasant. She runs into a coworker who asked if she listened to the voicemail she left Karen earlier that week. Motivated forgetting would suggest which of the following likely responses from Karen?
A. Karen will respond that she has forgotten to check her voicemails for the last several weeks. B. Karen will say that she listened to the voicemail and already responded to her coworker's request. C. Karen will respond that she listens to her messages diligently each day but cannot remember receiving one from her coworker. D. Karen will have a memory that she already responded to the coworker although the coworker never received a response.
A major advantage of the case study method is that it permits
A) simple replication by other researchers. B) specific investigations of the causes of things. C) improvisation based on the researcher's specific situation. D) inexpensive study of large, representative populations.