The nurse is caring for a 27-year-old patient with a diagnosis of head trauma. The nurse notes that the patient's urine output has increased tremendously over the past 18 hours. The nurse suspects that the patient may be developing:
a. diabetes insipidus.
b. diabetic ketoacidosis.
c. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome.
d. syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
A
Diabetes insipidus results in large volumes of urine; dehydration and hypovolemia can result. Head trauma and resulting increased intracranial pressure are potential causes of diabetes insipidus. High urine output following head trauma is associated with diabetes insipidus. Even though hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome results in osmotic diuresis, the cause is a deficiency in insulin in type 2 diabetes, not head trauma. SIADH may occur with head trauma but results in reduced urine output and, potentially, hypervolemia.
You might also like to view...
A child has undergone a kidney transplant, and is receiving cyclosporine. The parents ask the nurse about the reason for the cyclosporine. The nurse should explain that the drug is given to:
1. Boost immunity. 2. Suppress rejection. 3. Decrease pain. 4. Improve circulation.
The nurse is preparing to conduct a health history with a patient of the Black culture. On which health problems will the nurse focus when conducting this assessment?
A. Sickle cell anemia B. Kidney disease C. Lung cancer D. Prostate cancer E. Arthritis
The nurse is caring for a patient who reports feeling very stressed about her new diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Which response is most beneficial in addressing the patient's stress?
a. "I can't imagine how it must feel to have this disorder." b. "What worries you the most about your fibromyalgia?" c. "Light exercise and relaxation techniques may really help alleviate your stress." d. "You can talk to your doctor about your stress and ask him to prescribe some anti-anxiety medication."
The clinical presentation of a client with urolithiasis would include:
A. A fever of 101° F or above B. A gradual onset of nagging pain C. Pain starting in the flank and localizing in the costovertebral angle D. Marked leukocytes