Match each term with the most appropriate statement.
A. helper T cell
B. cytotoxic T lymphocytes
C. memory cells
D. complement proteins
E. B lymphocytes
F. natural killer cells
G. interleukins
H. macrophages
I. naive cells
J. clone
K. antigens
L. perforin
M. booster
N. MHCs
A. cells originating from antigen-presenting dendritic cells, activates other lymphocytes in an adaptive immune response
B. cells that directly destroy body cells already infected by viral or fungal parasites, as well as mutant and cancerous cells
C. lymphocytes that are held in reserve, circulate in the bloodstream, and enable a rapid response to subsequent encounters with the same invader
D. coats invading cells to facilitate its phagocytosis; also punctures their cell membrane
E. antibody-manufacturing cells that are produced and mature in the bone marrow
F. able to destroy cells but not dependent on recognition of antigen-MHC complexes
G. a class of proteins that help cells of the immune system communicate
H. "big eaters" that alert other lymphocytes to the invasion of specific antigens
I. lymphocyte that has never bound to an antigen
J. a group of cells that are all produced asexually from one original parent cell
K. surface patterns of nonself molecules or particles
L. proteins released by cytotoxic T cells to destroy target cell membranes
M. preparation injected into the body to elicit a secondary immune response
N. the AIDs virus represses the expression of these
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Which of the following is nottrue of the regulation of the trp operon?
A. Transcription attenuation relies on the fact that bacteria lack a nucleus. B. The level of tryptophan in the cell regulates the rate of transcription after transcription begins. C. The level of tryptophan in the cell regulates the rate of transcription before transcription begins. D. RNA polymerase is recruited to the promoter when tryptophan levels are high.
Certain plants may form tissues called ________ when their roots are flooded, whereas other plants may always form these tissue types.
A. parenchyma B. collenchyma C. sclerenchyma D. aerenchyma E. None of the choices is correct
Many fully differentiated plant cells are totipotent, meaning that they ____
a. will grow roots if they touch the ground b. will perform photosynthesis if exposed to sunlight c. can fertilize an egg d. have the potential to form a whole, fully-functional plant e. can undergo meiosis
There are 40 individuals in population 1, all of which have genotype A1A1, and there are 25 individuals in population 2, all of genotype A2A2. Assume that these populations are located far from one another and that their environmental conditions are very similar. Based on the information given here, the observed genetic variation is mostly likely an example of
A) genetic drift. B) gene flow. C) disruptive selection. D) discrete variation. E) directional selection.