Discuss the leading theories on the biological perspectives on dreaming
What will be an ideal response?
According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, a dream represents the brain's effort to make sense of sparse and distorted information. Dreams begin with periodic bursts of spontaneous activity in the pons—the PGO waves—that activate some parts of the cortex but not others. The cortex combines this haphazard input with whatever other activity was already occurring and does its best to synthesize a story that makes sense of the information.
An alternative view of dreams has been labeled the clinico-anatomical hypothesis because it was derived from clinical studies of patients with various kinds of brain damage. Like the activation-synthesis theory, this theory emphasizes that dreams begin with arousing stimuli that are generated within the brain combined with recent memories and any information the brain is receiving from the senses. However, the clinico-anatomical hypothesis puts less emphasis on the pons, PGO waves, or REM sleep. It regards dreams as thinking that takes place under unusual conditions.
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______ is a distribution of scores where the shape of the distribution shows a clustering of scores at the low or high end of the scale.
A. Symmetrical distribution B. Skewed distribution C. Normative distribution D. Sampling distribution
How would Erik Erikson respond to the statement, "A midlife crisis is a normal part of the human life cycle"? a. He would agree
b. He would disagree and point out that there is no "normal" progression of human development. c. He would disagree and point out that "crises" are not a normal part of human development. d. He would say nothing since he focused on development between birth and adolescence.
What metaphor did Freud use for consciousness?
What will be an ideal response?
Roni is an adolescent immigrant from a collectivist culture. The longer his family has been in the United States, the lesser Roni feels committed to obeying his parents and fulfilling family obligations. As a result, Roni may experience
A) acculturative stress. B) bicultural avoidance. C) ethnic-identity foreclosure. D) ethnic-identity moratorium.