What are the costs and benefits of the longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-sequential research methods?
What will be an ideal response?
Longitudinal studies examine longer-range development of a group of individuals over time. They may have selective dropout or death of subjects and cost more time and money than other methods. Cross-sectional studies compare different groups of individuals at the same time on one occasion. Many find that groups have different experiences based on when they were born, so cohort effect may be problematic. Cross-sequential studies require less time overall than longitudinal studies, since they compare different groups of individuals over a shorter period of time and can make time-lag comparisons. Cross-sequential studies avoid the cohort effect, since they compare more than one group (cohort) with each other and over time.
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In relapse prevention, lifestyle balance refers to an acceptable combination of
a. addictive and pro-social behaviors. b. familial and otherwise-social behaviors. c. obligatory and enjoyable behaviors. d. behavior and contingent reinforcement.
Recent research focusing on morning people (larks) and night people (owls) suggests that ________
a. ?being an owl is actually evolutionary adaptive, as people get more work done when they are safely in their homes at night b. ?one can easily “retrain their bodies to shift to a different pattern” c. ?being a lark or an owl may be due to genetic influence d. ?there are significant hypothalamus differences between larks and owls
Emergency contraceptives, such as Plan B, deliver high doses of _____
a. estrogen b. testosterone c. androgen d. progestin
Which type of personality is associated with a person being frequently ill and is marked by persistent negative emotions, including anxiety, hostility, and depression?
a. Type B b. behavioral risk c. stress-prone d. disease-prone