Describe Milgram's obedience study
What will be an ideal response?
Adult volunteers were assigned two roles, teacher and learner. The assignment was rigged such that the experimenter's confederate always played the role of learner. The teacher was told to read word pairs and then test the learner's memory of them. Whenever the learner made a mistake, the teacher was to tell the correct answer and administer a shock, beginning with 15 volts and increasing in increments of 15 up to a maximum of 450 volts. In fact, the learner received no shocks, but a recording made it sound as if he was in pain, asking to quit, and later refusing to respond. The research question was how far down the scale the teacher would be willing to go. More than half of all participants continued all the way to 450, and almost everyone who went beyond 150 volts continued all the way.
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Shaping reinforces _____ behaviour sequences until the overall sequence of behaviour is performed reliably.
A) complex B) unusual C) smaller D) larger
Ivan had an emergency appendectomy performed last night. When he woke up this morning he was surprised to learn that he had control over the amount of pain medication he received because all he had to do was push a button and morphine was added to his IV fluids. The more often he pushed the button, the more pain medication he was receiving. Ivan acted like an average patient in that he actually ended up administering ________medication when compared to other patients receiving the dosages from hospital staff.
A. an equal amount of B. more C. less D. almost three times as much
At summer camp, Gordon experienced a real sense of belonging for the very first time, connecting significantly with the other kids at camp. What is this an example of?
A. Social integration B. Intrinsic meaning C. Plasticity D. Self-insight
Why are some genetic characteristics referred to as sex-linked?
A. Because they influence men more than women B. Because they encourage risky sexual behavior C. Because they influence women more than men D. None of these