The nurse is developing a plan of care for a school-age pediatric client. Which goal would be most appropriate for the nurse to include which would demonstrate the child is accomplishing the tasks of Erikson's Stage 4 of development?
1. Watch peers play team sports.
2. Identify one or two pets that would be fun to care for.
3. Complete school homework and have a passing grade within 1 month.
4. Volunteer to help with one or more community projects each week.
Correct Answer: 3
Erickson identified eight stages of personality development in which a person must resolve a conflict based on physiologic and societal expectations. During Stage 4 (ages 6-11 years), the child is presented with the crisis of industry versus inferiority. Industry results in the development of competency, creativity, and perseverance. Inferiority creates feelings of hopelessness, and a sense of being mediocre or incompetent. At this age, school is a major focus in a child's life; thus reaching a goal of completing school homework and having passing grades within 1 month would help develop a sense of competency and creativity, and would also require perseverance in order to be successful. A child who is observing others playing team sports (not participating) may be afraid to join in for fear of not being an adequate player or team member. This does not demonstrate accomplishment of the task at this developmental level. The crisis of autonomy versus shame and self-doubt presents much earlier at Stage 2 (ages 1-2 years). Identifying one or two pets to care for would not foster a sense of competency, creativity, and perseverance since mastering this task would require actually caring for the pet or pets. Volunteering to help with one or more community projects each week is an unrealistic goal for a child of this age.
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