The negative charges associated with smectite clay crystals are due mostly to:
A) isomorphous substitution of Mg for Al in the octahedral sheet.
B) OH groups on the external surface of the crystal.
C) substitution of Al for Mg in the tetrahedral sheet.
D) substitution of Si for Al in the tetrahedral sheet.
E) high pH associated with the formation of the mineral.
A
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