The method of independent contrasts:
a. allows evolutionary biologists to use comparative methods for studying how natural history operates.
b. compares the best possible tree overall with the best possible constrained tree.
c. relies on running odds ratio tests.
d. All of the above.
e. A and C.
A
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Which of the following types of sensory receptors does not generate an action potential in response to its stimulus?
A. thermoreceptors B. nociceptors C. chemoreceptors D. mechanoreceptors
It is estimated that humans can produce over 1.5 million different types of antibodies. Which of the following statements regarding this extraordinary variation is INCORRECT?
A. We inherit over 1.5 million different and distinct immunoglobulin genes from our parents at fertilization. B. V and J domains of antibody light chains are randomly joined. C. Random segments of DNA can be removed from antibody genes. D. V and J domains of antibody heavy chains are randomly joined. E. Cytosines in the variable regions of antibody genes can be converted to uracils via hypermutation.
The typical osmolarity of most body fluids in humans and other mammals is
a. ~5 mOsm/L. b. ~225 mOsm/L. c. ~300 mOsm/L. d. ~1000 mOsm/L. e. ~1500 mOsm/L.
Steroid hormones are synthesized from:
a. amino acids b. peptides c. proteins d. cholesterol e. fatty acids