Graham recruited student volunteers to participate in his dissertation study. He set up several times for students to come to a specified classroom and read various types of instructional materials and to be tested. He ran all of his control conditions first and then for each session he placed all students at the session in the same treatment condition. This is problematic because those who

volunteered early are likely different than those who volunteered later. This problem is primarily due to

a. response bias.
b. instrumentation bias.
c. researcher bias.
d. sampling bias.


d

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An educational institution is liable for the sexual harassment of a student by a school employee only if:

a. There is actual notice to a school official. b. The school official has "authority to take corrective action." c. The school official then acts with deliberate indifference to the complaint. d. All of the above.

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Martha is trying to decide what to give to her best friend Rose as a birthday present. She begins by looking closely at how Rose spends her time. She also browses in a number of different department stores to identify numerous things within her price range. Then she lets the problem "incubate" in her head for a few days while she engages in other activities. Eventually she chooses what she thinks

will be the best gift for Rose. Martha's approach to the problem can probably best be understood from which of the following perspectives of problem solving? a. Stages of problem solving b. Trial-and-error c. The Gestalt notion of insight d. Response hierarchy

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Which of the following is necessary for a classroom project to be useful for assessment purposes?

a. Linking the project to specific learning objectives in the curriculum. b. Evaluating students only on the achievement dimensions defined as outcomes of the project. c. Defining the weight of each achievement dimension used in calculating the grade. d. All of the above are necessary. e. Only a. and b. are necessary.

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The correlation between the nutrition during pregnancy and newborn birthweight is:

a. Positive b. Negative c. Perfect d. They are not correlated

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