Explain how students might fall prey to the confirmation bias in writing their research reports and interpreting data. Further, explain how this bias might be avoided.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: The confirmation bias refers to the human tendency to seek to confirm theories rather than seek information that might disconfirm it. Students tend to do this in the Introduction section of their papers in that they only look for past research that supports what they want to find and ignore research that contradicts their hypotheses. Students also form hypotheses that make them feel good about their own choices even when they cannot find past research to support those hypotheses. Also, students tend to interpret data collection as successful when their hypotheses are supported. When their hypotheses are not supported, they emphasize what went wrong with the research rather than drawing an opposing conclusion. Finally, students can try to be objective and open to the idea that their hypothesis might indeed by wrong.
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In general, research on the impact of desegregation shows that
a. desegregation has had no positive effect on the academic performance of minorities and has not improved relationships among ethnic groups. b. desegregation has had a positive impact on the academic achievement of minorities but a negative impact on relationships among ethnic groups. c. desegregation has had a negative impact on both the academic achievement of minorities and the relationships among ethnic groups. d. where schools have been successfully desegregated and integrated, there is some evidence of both increased academic achievement of minority groups and better relationships among ethnic groups.
The "play frame"
A. Was described by Bateson and Garvey B. Is related to psychoanalytic theory C. Is related to Piaget's theory D. Is important for motor development
In general, what is the psychological impact of the onset of puberty for boys and girls? How does the timing of puberty (early or late maturation) affect boys and girls?
What will be an ideal response?
Allowing children to choose a snack from two choices is developmentally appropriate for most young children
Indicate whether the statement is true or false