Perceiving machines are used by the U.S. Postal Service to "read" the addresses on letters and sort them quickly to their correct destinations. Sometimes, these machines cannot read an address because the writing on the envelope is not sufficiently clear for the machine to match the writing to an example it has stored in memory. Human postal workers are much more successful at reading unclear addresses, most likely because of
A. bottom-up processing.
B. top-down processing.
C. their in-depth understanding of principles of perception.
D. repeated practice at the task.
Answer: B
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Given the historical changes in the definition of psychology, which of the following definitions would have been more likely to be used in the early years of psychology?
A. Psychology is the study of observable behavior. B. Psychology is the study of behaviors and mental processes. C. Psychology is the study of the basic elements of sensation and perception. D. Psychology is the study of observable actions and cognitive functions.
Rose plans to earn an A in her English class. She decides that to meet this goal, she will have to earn a grade of at least 90% on each of the papers throughout the semester. She also plans on completing all the outside readings at least three days before the dates set out on the syllabus, so that she has a chance to think about the readings before the class discussions. In this case, Rose's
problem-solving strategy is consistent with the problem-solving heuristic known as: a. means-ends analysis b. working backward c. searching for analogies d. availability
Brian has seriously dated two girls in high school and is feeling pressure from both to make a commitment. Brian is so stressed by having to choose between these two girls that he goes to his grandparents for a visit the day after graduation and then decides to stay and attend both summer sessions at the small college in his grandparents' hometown. Brian is dealing with his conflict
a. using a partial approach. b. through ambivalence. c. by freezing. d. by leaving the field.
Marvin is reading a textbook on the history of mental
illnesses, and he is relieved to find that as times shifted from the Middle Ages into the Renaissance, an enlightenment took place. Which of the following statements is Marvin most likely to read in this section of his book? A) "Kinder methods of treating mental illness, including exorcism, were introduced as the era of the Renaissance began." B) "When the Renaissance began, the primary reference that guided the way in which mental illness was viewed was called the Malleus Malleficarum." C) "As the Middle Ages ended, so too did reliance on the medical model." D) "As the Renaissance emerged, mental illness came to be viewed through the medical model."