A patient is diagnosed with acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices. Which of the following should the nurse suspect as the cause for this diagnosis?
1. gastritis from NSAIDs use
2. reflux esophagitis
3. gall stones
4. portal hypertension with shunting of blood
4
Rationale: Esophageal varices are a complication of portal hypertension. Since the esophageal veins in the lower part of the esophagus are a common collateral flow diversion, any rapid increase in pressure of the engorged veins will lead to an acute hemorrhage. Esophageal varices are not associated with gastritis or reflux esophagitis. Esophageal varices are also not a complication of gall stones.
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