Campbell and Loy suggest that Neandertals succumbed to ecological competition from modern humans, not to violent extermination
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
TRUE
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Diffusion plays an important role in spreading cultural traits around the world
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
There is much debate among scientists about when, where, and how anatomically modern humans achieved behavioral modernity. Some researchers suggest that about 50,000 years ago a genetic mutation acted to rewire the human brain, allowing for an advance in language and other related modern behaviors. Others propose
A. that drastic climatic changes 40,000 years ago led archaic humans to turn to ritual-a definite sign of behavioral modernity-to explain the unforeseen environmental changes that suddenly altered their way of life. B. a culinary hypothesis, suggesting that Homo's capacity to increase the range of foods in the diet triggered the necessary brain development to make modern behaviors possible. C. a hearth hypothesis, suggesting that the most important trigger to behavioral modernity was Homo's capacity, achieved 50,000 years ago, for manipulating fire and thus living in caves and cooking their meat. D. that instead of a sudden event in Europe due to a mutation, behavioral modernity resulted from a slow process of cultural accumulation within Africa, where Homo sapiens became fully human long before 40,000 years ago. E. that the advent of the nuclear family within larger nomadic groups made possible intense social interactions that triggered more complex social behaviors.
In the Spanish Americas, indigenous people who __________became free laborers with little choice but to accept work as sharecroppers or in mines
a. committed petty crimes b. were born after 1610 c. were dispossessed of their lands d. moved to urban areas
How do shamans and priests contrast with one another?
a. Shamans elect to become practitioners while priests are chosen by the gods. b. Priests are part of a formal bureaucracy of religious specialists; shamans are not. c. Shamans are set apart from the rest of the populace while priests live very much like everyone else. d. Shamans spend more years being trained than do priests.